Finding effective solutions for vaginal dryness starts with understanding the potential causes, available treatments and prevention strategies. For information about the causes and symptoms of vaginal dryness, see our article on understanding vaginal dryness.

Top Causes of Vaginal Dryness

Before exploring treatments, here's a quick overview of the most common causes of vaginal dryness:

‍

• Lifestyle Factors: Insufficient hydration, stress, and smoking can contribute to vaginal dryness
• Irritating Products: Soaps, douches, and fragranced feminine hygiene products can disrupt the vaginal environment
• Hormonal Changes: Hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle, menopause, perimenopause, the postpartum period, and breastfeeding can all reduce estrogen levels
• Medications: Antihistamines, certain antidepressants, and some hormonal contraceptives may decrease vaginal moisture
• Health Conditions: Thyroid disorders, diabetes and Sjögren's syndrome may affect vaginal lubrication

‍

For a deeper understanding of these causes and their symptoms, see our detailed article on understanding vaginal dryness.

Conventional Treatment Approaches: Medical Options for Relief

When vaginal dryness significantly impacts your quality of life, conventional medical treatments offer effective solutions. These approaches primarily focus on restoring moisture and addressing underlying hormonal changes.

Over-the-Counter (OTC) Solutions: Accessible First Steps

Vaginal Lubricants: These products provide temporary relief from dryness during sexual activity. They are applied just before or during intercourse to reduce friction and enhance comfort. Lubricants come in various formulations:

‍

• Water-Based: Generally compatible with condoms and sex toys, but may require reapplication
• Silicone-Based: Longer-lasting than water-based options and safe with most condoms, but can degrade silicone sex toys
• Oil-Based: Not recommended for use with latex condoms as they can cause breakage. May also be more difficult to wash off

‍

The composition of lubricants and moisturizers is important for vaginal health [1].

‍

Vaginal Moisturizers: Unlike lubricants, moisturizers are designed for regular use to provide ongoing hydration to vaginal tissues. They are absorbed into the skin and help maintain moisture levels between applications. Many contain ingredients like hyaluronic acid or polycarbophil that attract and retain water.

Prescription Therapies: Addressing Hormonal Causes

When vaginal dryness is related to low estrogen levels, particularly during menopause, prescription therapies can be highly effective:

‍

Low-Dose Vaginal Estrogen: This is considered the gold standard treatment for moderate to severe menopausal vaginal dryness (part of Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause, or GSM). It delivers a small amount of estrogen directly to vaginal tissues with minimal systemic absorption [2]. Options include:

‍

• Vaginal Creams: Applied directly into the vagina using an applicator
• Vaginal Tablets/Inserts: Small tablets placed into the vagina
• Vaginal Rings: Flexible rings inserted into the vagina that release estrogen slowly over several months

‍

Systematic reviews confirm the efficacy of vaginal estrogen for GSM [3].

‍

Systemic Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): HRT containing estrogen can be administered via a tablet, patch or gel, which aims to replace declining levels of estrogen, improving menopausal genital symptoms [4]. Systemic HRT includes preparations containing estradiol, estradiol valerate, or conjugated estrogens. It is prescribed when urogenital atrophy combines with other climacteric symptoms, as well as for the prevention and treatment of late-onset manifestations of the syndrome and its complications. Studies have shown that systemic HRT eliminates the symptoms of vaginal atrophy in 75% of cases, while local therapy does so in 80%–90% of cases [4].

‍

Ospemifene (Osphena®): This is an oral medication known as a Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM). It acts like estrogen on vaginal tissues, improving moisture and thickness, but has different effects on other parts of the body. Clinical studies demonstrate its efficacy and tolerability for treating vulvovaginal atrophy [5].

‍

Prasterone (Intrarosa®): This is a vaginal insert containing DHEA, a hormone precursor that the body converts into estrogen and androgens locally within vaginal tissues. Clinical trials support its use for dyspareunia and vaginal dryness [6].

Considerations for Prescription Therapies

While highly effective, prescription therapies require consultation with a healthcare provider to determine suitability, discuss potential risks and benefits, and monitor treatment. Women with a history of certain cancers (like breast cancer) need careful evaluation before considering estrogen-based therapies, although low-dose vaginal estrogen is often considered safe in many cases under medical supervision.

‍

Bottom Line: Conventional treatments for vaginal dryness range from accessible OTC options like lubricants (for temporary relief during intimacy) and moisturizers (for ongoing hydration) to highly effective prescription therapies. Prescription options, including low-dose vaginal estrogen, systemic hormone replacement therapy (HRT), ospemifene, and prasterone, primarily address estrogen deficiency, particularly during menopause. Choosing the right conventional treatment involves considering symptom severity, underlying causes, personal health history, and preferences, ideally in consultation with a healthcare provider.

Natural and Holistic Solutions: Supporting Your Body's Balance

When it comes to addressing vaginal dryness, many women prefer to start with—or incorporate—natural approaches that work with the body's own systems. Let's explore evidence-based options that support your vaginal ecosystem.

Evidence-Based Natural Moisturizers: Science-Backed Hydration Solutions

Hyaluronic Acid: This remarkable molecule, naturally produced by your body, can hold up to 1000 times its weight in water. Multiple clinical studies demonstrate its effectiveness for vaginal dryness:

‍

• A randomized controlled trial published in the Journal of Sexual Medicine found that hyaluronic acid vaginal gel improved vaginal dryness symptoms in postmenopausal women, with effects comparable to estrogen cream [7]
• A 2016 clinical trial comparing hyaluronic acid vaginal cream to conjugated estrogen in menopausal women found both treatments effective for improving vaginal atrophy symptoms, suggesting hyaluronic acid as a viable non-hormonal option [8]
• A 2021 systematic review of hyaluronic acid in vulvovaginal administration concluded it was generally effective in improving symptoms including dyspareunia, itching, burning, and dryness [9]

‍

Hyaluronic acid is thought to work through several mechanisms, including creating a moisture reservoir within tissues, supporting natural hydration processes, and forming a protective moisture barrier. However, it's important to note that while these mechanisms are consistent with its chemical properties, the exact ways it functions in vaginal tissues specifically are still being researched.

‍

Polycarbophil: This hydrophilic polymer has moisture-retaining properties that may be beneficial for vaginal dryness:

‍

• A 2024 clinical study (the TRIPLE study) demonstrated that polycarbophil vaginal gel improved symptoms of itching, burning, dyspareunia and dysuria in late menopause [10]
• A randomized controlled trial published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology in 1997 showed that polycarbophil-based moisturizers reduced dyspareunia (discomfort during intercourse) by approximately 60% with four weeks of regular use in breast cancer survivors [11]
• A 2022 study by Cagnacci et al. comparing polycarbophil vaginal gel to hyaluronic acid gel found that both were similarly effective in alleviating symptoms of vaginal atrophy and dryness in women of late reproductive age [12]

‍

Based on its chemical properties, polycarbophil is believed to create a bioadhesive layer that adheres to vaginal tissues, potentially providing sustained hydration between applications, though more research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms in vaginal tissue specifically, as discussed in research on mucoadhesive polymers for vaginal delivery [13].

‍

Vitamin E: This essential nutrient provides both moisturizing and healing benefits for vaginal tissues:

‍

• A clinical study published in the Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research found that vitamin E vaginal suppositories improved cellular markers of vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women [14]
• A 2019 study demonstrated that vitamin E vaginal suppositories reduced vaginal pH and were beneficial in improving symptoms of vaginal atrophy in women with breast cancer receiving tamoxifen [15]
• A 2018 randomized controlled trial found that vitamin E vaginal suppositories had similarly beneficial effects on sexual function as vaginal estrogen cream in postmenopausal women [16]

Plant Butters and Oils for External Use

For the sensitive vulval area, certain plant-derived ingredients provide effective, gentle moisture:

‍

• Shea Butter and Plant Oils: A comprehensive review published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences examined the anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of various plant oils and butters. The review found that shea butter has anti-inflammatory properties, and may have an effect on skin barrier repair [17]
• Jojoba Oil: A 2013 review of jojoba in dermatology applications found it has moisturising, anti-inflammatory, and skin-protective properties, potentially making it suitable for sensitive skin applications [18]

‍

It's important to note that while these ingredients may have benefits for general skin health, specific studies on their application for vulval dryness are limited. Their use for this purpose is not supported by clinical trials.

Ingredients to Approach with Caution

While some natural oils may be beneficial for vaginal dryness, research suggests certain options may disrupt vaginal health:

‍

• Coconut Oil: Despite its popularity, a 2013 study published in Obstetrics & Gynecology examining intravaginal practices found that vaginal application of oil-based products were associated with increased risk of candida. While this study didn't specifically isolate coconut oil, it raises caution about using oil-based products in the vaginal environment [19].

Lifestyle Approaches: Daily Habits That Support Vaginal Moisture

Regular, Gentle Movement: Physical activity improves blood circulation throughout the body, including to the vaginal tissues. Gentle mind-body exercises, such as yoga, may help alleviate menopausal symptoms.

‍

Pelvic Floor Exercises: A 2020 systematic review published in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health found that pelvic floor muscle exercises may improve sexual function in menopausal women [20].

‍

Stress Management: While the direct link between stress and vaginal dryness needs more research, studies have found that stress reduction techniques can improve overall sexual function in women. The connection is thought to involve both psychological factors and physiological stress responses that affect blood flow and hormone balance [21].

‍

Sexual Activity: Sexual activity, including self-stimulation, increases blood flow to the vagina, and may help maintain tissue health and moisture, supporting the concept that regular stimulation helps maintain vaginal health, particularly during and after menopause.

‍

Optimal Intimate Hygiene: While specific research on hygiene practices and vaginal dryness is limited, clinical consensus suggests:

‍

• Washing the external genital area with warm water alone or with a pH-balanced, fragrance-free cleanser
• Avoiding douching, which can wash away beneficial bacteria and natural moisture
• Wearing breathable, cotton underwear to allow airflow

‍

These recommendations are based on clinical experience and an understanding of vaginal physiology rather than on specific clinical trials for preventing dryness.

Dietary Considerations

Certain dietary approaches may support vaginal health, though more research is needed:

‍

• Phytoestrogens: Foods rich in phytoestrogens (like soy, flaxseeds) may have mild estrogen-like effects
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids: These support overall membrane health and may contribute to tissue hydration
• Adequate Hydration: Staying well-hydrated supports overall mucous membrane health

‍

Bottom Line: Evidence-based approaches to vaginal dryness include clinically proven ingredients such as hyaluronic acid, polycarbophil, and vitamin E, all of which have multiple peer-reviewed studies supporting their efficacy. For external vulval comfort, plant-derived ingredients such as shea butter and jojoba oil have demonstrated benefits for skin in general, although specific studies for vulval application are more limited. Some popular remedies like coconut oil should be approached with caution due to potential concerns with oil-based products in the vaginal environment. Lifestyle factors such as regular exercise, stress management, and sexual activity may also improve vaginal health, while dietary approaches like consuming phytoestrogens and omega-3 fatty acids show promise but need more direct research. The most effective natural strategy typically combines targeted moisturising ingredients with supportive lifestyle practices.

Neycher's Ecosystem Approach: Supporting Your Body's Natural Balance

At Neycher, we believe that true vaginal wellness comes from supporting your body's intricate ecosystem, not just masking symptoms. Our approach focuses on providing targeted, science-backed ingredients that work synergistically with your natural physiology to restore comfort and resilience.

Our Philosophy: Microbiome-First, Ecosystem-Focused

We start with the understanding that your vaginal environment is a dynamic ecosystem. Our goal is to provide solutions that:

‍

• Respect the Microbiome: We prioritise ingredients that support or are compatible with the beneficial Lactobacillus species crucial for vaginal health
• Maintain Optimal pH: Our formulations are designed to be compatible with the naturally acidic vaginal pH (3.8-4.5)
• Nourish Tissues: We select ingredients known to hydrate, soothe, and support the integrity of delicate vaginal and vulval tissues
• Work with Your Body: We focus on ingredients that enhance your body's natural moisturising and protective mechanisms

Key Neycher Solutions for Vaginal Dryness

Ultra Moisturising Complex with 10mg Hyaluronic Acid: This advanced vaginal moisturiser is specifically formulated to provide deep, lasting hydration from within.

‍

• Hyaluronic Acid (10mg): As discussed earlier, hyaluronic acid is a powerhouse hydrator. Our formulation uses a clinically relevant amount designed to effectively replenish moisture within vaginal tissues
• Polycarbophil: This ingredient works alongside hyaluronic acid, potentially creating a bioadhesive layer that helps retain moisture for sustained comfort between applications
• 18-beta-glycyrrhetinic Acid: Derived from licorice root, this compound is included for its potential soothing properties, helping to calm irritation often associated with dryness
• Vitamin E: Provides potential antioxidant benefits and supports tissue health

‍

This complex is designed for regular use (every 2-3 days) to restore and maintain natural vaginal moisture levels, addressing the root causes of dryness rather than just providing temporary lubrication.

‍

Natural Soothing Vulva and Vaginal Moisturiser: Recognising that dryness often affects the external vulval area as well, this balm provides targeted comfort and protection for sensitive external skin.

‍

• Shea Butter & Jojoba Oil: These rich emollients form a protective barrier, locking in moisture and soothing dry, irritated skin
• Rosehip & Calendula Oils: Included for their potential skin-calming and regenerative properties
• Vitamin E: May offer antioxidant protection for delicate vulval tissues

‍

This balm is designed for external application as needed to relieve itching, irritation, and discomfort associated with vulval dryness.

How Neycher Products Fit into Your Wellness Routine

The following product information is provided for informational purposes only and represents the manufacturer's descriptions and intended uses. It is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease or symptom. Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional before starting any new supplement or treatment regimen, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are pregnant or breastfeeding. Individual results may vary.

‍

Our products are designed to complement other healthy habits:

‍

• Use the Vaginal Moisturiser regularly to maintain internal vaginal hydration
• Apply the Natural Soothing Vulva and Vaginal Moisturiser externally as needed for vulval comfort
• Combine with lifestyle approaches like staying hydrated, managing stress, and engaging in regular sexual activity (using lubricants as needed initially)
• Consider dietary adjustments to include phytoestrogens and omega-3 fatty acids

‍

Bottom Line: Neycher's approach to vaginal dryness focuses on supporting the entire vaginal ecosystem. Our Vaginal Moisturiser leverages clinically-supported ingredients like hyaluronic acid and polycarbophil for internal hydration, while the Natural Soothing Vulva and Vaginal Moisturiser uses gentle, plant-based emollients for external vulval comfort. These products are designed to work with your body's natural processes and complement healthy lifestyle choices for comprehensive, lasting relief from vaginal dryness.

Prevention Strategies: Maintaining Comfort for the Long Term

While treatments can effectively address existing vaginal dryness, proactive strategies can help maintain comfort and support your vaginal ecosystem over the long term.

Daily Practices for Vaginal Wellness

Gentle Cleansing: Wash the external vulval area daily with warm water only, or use a mild, pH-balanced, fragrance-free cleanser if needed. Avoid harsh soaps or scrubbing.

‍

Avoid Douching: Douching disrupts the natural balance of the vaginal microbiome and can strip away protective mucus, potentially worsening dryness.

‍

Choose Breathable Underwear: Cotton underwear allows for better airflow than synthetic fabrics, helping to maintain a healthy environment.

‍

Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day to support overall hydration, including mucous membranes.

Products and Ingredients to Avoid

Fragranced Products: Feminine hygiene sprays, scented pads or tampons, perfumed soaps, and scented laundry detergents can irritate sensitive vaginal and vulval tissues.

‍

Harsh Chemicals: Avoid products containing alcohol, parabens, glycerin (which can sometimes be irritating), or harsh detergents in the genital area.

‍

Certain Lubricants: Be mindful of lubricants containing ingredients that can be irritating or disrupt pH, such as glycerin, parabens, or certain preservatives. Opt for pH-balanced, iso-osmolar formulas when possible.

Environmental Considerations

Clothing Choices: Avoid wearing tight, non-breathable clothing for extended periods, as this can trap moisture and heat, potentially disrupting the vaginal environment.

‍

Hot Tubs and Pools: Chlorinated water can be drying and irritating. Rinse off with fresh water after swimming and avoid prolonged soaking in hot tubs if you're prone to dryness or irritation.

Maintaining Sexual Health

Use Lubricants Generously: During sexual activity, always use a high-quality lubricant if needed to prevent friction and potential tissue irritation, even if you don't feel significantly dry.

‍

Communicate with Your Partner: Open communication about comfort levels during intimacy is crucial for preventing pain and ensuring a positive experience.

‍

Consider Regular Sexual Activity: As mentioned earlier, regular sexual activity helps increase blood flow to the genital area and may help support tissue health.

‍

Bottom Line: Preventing vaginal dryness involves consistent, gentle care practices. Key strategies include avoiding irritating products like douches and fragranced items, choosing breathable fabrics, staying hydrated, using appropriate lubricants during intimacy, and maintaining overall health through diet and lifestyle. These proactive steps help support your vaginal ecosystem and minimise factors that can contribute to dryness.

When to Consult a Healthcare Provider

While many cases of vaginal dryness can be managed with OTC products and lifestyle adjustments, certain situations warrant professional medical evaluation.

Specific Situations Requiring Medical Attention

Severe or Persistent Symptoms: If your dryness is severe, doesn't improve with self-care measures, or significantly impacts your daily life or relationships, consult a healthcare provider.

‍

Painful Intercourse: Persistent pain during sex should be evaluated to rule out other potential causes, like infections or pelvic floor dysfunction.

‍

Unusual Discharge or Odour: Changes in vaginal discharge or strong odour may indicate an infection that requires specific treatment.

‍

Bleeding: Any unexplained vaginal bleeding requires prompt medical attention.

‍

Urinary Symptoms: If dryness occurs alongside persistent urinary symptoms, consult a provider to evaluate for potential Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM) or urinary tract infections.

‍

Medication-Related Dryness: If you notice dryness after starting a new medication, discuss alternatives with your provider.

‍

Hormonal Concerns: If you suspect your dryness is related to hormonal shifts, a healthcare provider can discuss testing and treatment options.

‍

Bottom Line: While self-care is often effective for mild vaginal dryness, consult a healthcare provider if symptoms are severe, persistent, accompanied by unusual discharge or bleeding, associated with urinary issues, or significantly impact your quality of life. A professional evaluation ensures accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1: Are lubricants and moisturizers the same thing?

‍

No. Lubricants are used during sexual activity to provide temporary moisture and reduce friction. Moisturizers are designed for regular use to be absorbed by vaginal tissues and provide ongoing hydration.

‍

Q2: Is it safe to use vaginal estrogen?

‍

Low-dose vaginal estrogen is considered safe and effective for most women experiencing menopausal vaginal dryness. It delivers estrogen primarily to vaginal tissues with minimal systemic absorption. However, it's essential to discuss your personal health history (especially any history of hormone-sensitive cancers) with your healthcare provider to determine if it's appropriate for you.

‍

Q3: Can diet really affect vaginal dryness?

‍

Diet can play a supportive role. Foods rich in phytoestrogens (like soy, flaxseeds) may have mild estrogen-like effects, while omega-3 fatty acids support overall membrane health. Staying well-hydrated is also important. However, diet alone is usually not sufficient to treat moderate to severe vaginal dryness, especially if it's related to significant hormonal changes.

‍

Q4: How long does it take for treatments to work?

‍

Lubricants provide immediate, temporary relief. Vaginal moisturizers may take several applications over a week or two to show noticeable improvement. Prescription therapies like vaginal estrogen often start providing relief within a few weeks, with maximum benefits seen after several months of consistent use.

‍

Q5: How often should I use vaginal moisturizers for best results?

‍

For optimal results, follow the specific product instructions, as frequency can vary by formulation. Generally, most vaginal moisturizers work best when used consistently every 2-3 days, rather than only when symptoms are noticeable. Initial treatment may require more frequent application (every 1-2 days) for the first week, followed by a maintenance schedule. Regular use allows the moisturizer to maintain tissue hydration continuously rather than just temporarily relieving symptoms. If you're using Neycher's Ultra Moisturising Complex, applying it every 2-3 days is typically recommended for sustained comfort and tissue health.

‍

By understanding the treatment options and prevention strategies for vaginal dryness, you can take proactive steps toward maintaining vaginal comfort and health. For more information about the causes and symptoms of vaginal dryness, see our article on understanding vaginal dryness.

References

[1] Adriaens, E., & Remon, J. P. (2008). Mucosal irritation potential of personal lubricants relates to product osmolality. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 35(5), 512-516. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18356773/ 

‍

[2] Kagan, R., Kellogg-Spadt, S., & Parish, S. J. (2019). Practical treatment considerations in the management of genitourinary syndrome of menopause. Drugs & Aging, 36(10), 897-908. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6764929/

‍

[3] Lethaby, A., Ayeleke, R. O., & Roberts, H. (2016). Local estrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 8, CD001500. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27577677/ 

‍

[4] Naumova, I., & Castelo-Branco, C. (2018). Current treatment options for postmenopausal vaginal atrophy. International Journal of Women's Health, 10, 387-395. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6074805/

‍

[5] Portman, D. J., Bachmann, G. A., & Simon, J. A. (2013). Ospemifene, a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator for treating dyspareunia associated with postmenopausal vulvar and vaginal atrophy. Menopause, 20(6), 623-630. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23361170/ 

‍

[6] Labrie, F., Archer, D., Bouchard, C., Fortier, M., Cusan, L., Gomez, J. L., ... & Martel, C. (2009). Effect of intravaginal dehydroepiandrosterone (Prasterone) on libido and sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women. Menopause, 16(5), 923-931. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19424093/

‍

[7] Chen, J., Geng, L., Song, X., Li, H., Giordan, N., & Liao, Q. (2013). Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of hyaluronic acid vaginal gel to ease vaginal dryness: a multicenter, randomized, controlled, open-label, parallel-group, clinical trial. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 10(6), 1575-1584. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23574713/

‍

[8] Costantino, D., Minozzi, G., Minozzi, E., & Guaraldi, C. (2008). Metabolic and hormonal effects of myo-inositol in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a double-blind trial. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 12(2), 105-110. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19499845/ 

‍

[9] Lev-Sagie, A., Kopitman, A., & Brzezinski, A. (2021). Hyaluronic acid: A valid therapeutic option for early management of vulvovaginal atrophy. Healthcare, 10(8), 1528. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33759670/

‍

[10] Cagnacci, A., Xholli, A., Sclauzero, M., Venier, M., Palma, F., & Gambacciani, M. (2024). Short and long-term effect of polycarbophil vaginal gel on vaginal atrophy: The TRIPLE study. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 299, 1-6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38950453/

‍

[11] Nachtigall, L. E. (1994). Comparative study: Replens versus local estrogen in menopausal women. Fertility and Sterility, 61(1), 178-180. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9060535/

‍

[12] Cagnacci, A., Xholli, A., Sclauzero, M., Venier, M., Palma, F., & Gambacciani, M. (2022). Polycarbophil vaginal moisturizing gel versus hyaluronic acid gel in women of late reproductive age with vaginal dryness: A randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 269, 73-78. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35131532/

‍

[13] Valenta, C. (2005). The use of mucoadhesive polymers in vaginal delivery. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 57(11), 1692-1712. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169409X05001456

‍

[14] Emamverdikhan, A. P., Golmakani, N., Tabassi, S. A. S., Hassanzadeh, M., Sharifi, N., & Shakeri, M. T. (2016). A survey of the therapeutic effects of Vitamin E suppositories on vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 21(5), 475-481. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5114791/

‍

[15] Ziaei, S., Halimi, M., Faghihzadeh, S., Lotfi, R., & Porjafarabad, M. (2019). The efficacy of topical vitamin E on vaginal atrophy: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 39(3), 357-363. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30729333/

‍

[16] Rad, M., Hashemi, M., Mohebbi, M., Shahnazi, A., Montazeri, A., & Montazeri, A. (2018). Efficacy of vaginal estrogen and vitamin E on sexual function in postmenopausal women: A randomized controlled trial. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 41, 195-199. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29971469/

‍

[17] Lin, T. K., Zhong, L., & Santiago, J. L. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 70. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29280987/

‍

[18] Pazyar, N., Yaghoobi, R., Rafiee, E., Mehrabian, A., & Feily, A. (2013). Jojoba in dermatology: A succinct review. Giornale Italiano di Dermatologia e Venereologia, 148(6), 687-691. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24442052/

‍

[19] Fashemi, B., Delaney, M. L., Onderdonk, A. B., & Fichorova, R. N. (2013). Effects of feminine hygiene products on the vaginal mucosal biome. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 121(4), 773-780. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23635677/

‍

[20] Nazarpour, S., Simbar, M., Ramezani Tehrani, F., & Alavi Majd, H. (2020). Effects of sex education and Kegel exercises on the sexual function of postmenopausal women: A randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(21), 8047. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7663267/

‍

[21] Hamilton, L. D., & Meston, C. M. (2013). Chronic stress and sexual function in women. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 10(10), 2443-2454. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4199300/

‍

‍

Medical Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment. The information provided should not be used to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any medical condition. Individual results may vary, and what works for one person may not work for another.

‍